Some resources and tools related to noncoding RNAs

In ‘Meet some code-breakers of noncoding RNAs,’ the technology feature in the February issue of Nature Methods, we speak with a few scientists about the path ahead in methods for characterize the noncoding RNAs.

With their input, we compiled a list of some of resources and tools in this field.

We can gladly include additional resources. Please comment on this page. You can also tweet us: @naturemethods or @metricausa

Some resources and tools related to noncoding RNAs:

Resource	Description	Publication
DASHR	Database of small human noncoding RNAs	Leung, Y.Y et al DASHR:database of small human noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 44:D216-22. (2016)
FANTOM CAT	Functional Annotation of the mammalian genome (FANTOM) is an international consortium. This resource is an atlas of human long noncoding RNAs with accurate 5’ ends	Chung-Chau, H. et al Annotation of noncoding transcripts for example to find functional lncRNAs that show an effect on global expression after knockout/knockdown Nature 543, 199–204 (2017). Okazaki, Y. et al.Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. 420(6915):563-73 (2002).
Gencode	Resource about human and mouse noncoding RNAs, drawing on data generated by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) consortium.Information about the noncoding RNA species and their annotations are here	Harrow J, et al. GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE ProjectGenome Research doi: 10.1101/gr.135350.111. (2012)
LNCipedia	Database of annotations of functional long noncoding RNAs manually curated from the scientific literature	Clark MB, et al. lncRNAdb: a reference database for long noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 39: D146-151 (2011).
lncRNAdb	Database of annotations of functional long noncoding RNAs manually curated from the scientific literature	Amaral, P.P et al lncRNAdb: a reference database for long noncoding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 39: D146-151.(2011).
lncRNAWiki	A Wiki to encourage community-based curation of human long noncoding RNAs.	Ma, L et al. LncRNAWiki: harnessing community knowledge in collaborative curation of human long non-coding RNAs Nucleic Acids Research43, D1, p. Pages D187–D192, (2015).
lncRNAtor	A portal for long noncoding RNA with information such as expression profiles and coding potential. Data sources include TCGA, GEO, ENCODE and modENCODE.	Park, C. et al. lncRNAtor: a comprehensive resource for functional investigation of long non-coding RNAs. Bioinformatics. 30(17):2480-5. (2014).
MINTbase	Database of tRNA fragments from 11,000 people and 32 cancer types	Pliatsika, V.et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 46, D1, D152–D159 (2018).
miRBase	Database of published miRNA sequences and annotations	Griffiths-Jones S. et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D154-158 (2008).
miRDip	A resource with human data; for finding microRNAs that target a gene; or genes targeted by a microRNA	Tokar, T. et al mirDIP 4.1- integrative database of human microRNA target predictions, Nucleic Acids Res. 46(D1):D360-D370. (2018).
miRGeneDB	A database of validated and anotated human microRNA genes	Fromm, B. et al et al. MirGene DB2.0: the curated microRNA GeneDatabase, manuscript in bioarXiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/258749
Noncode	A noncoding RNA database with information from 17 species especially long noncoding RNAs. The information is mined from the scientific literature and data resources such as lncRNAdb, and lncipedia. It includes links to literature about tools such as ncFANs for functional annotation of lncRNAs,	Liu C, et al. NONCODE: an integrated knowledge database of non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Research, 2005, 33 (Database issue):D112-D115. (2005)
Regulome resources and data	Resources and data from the Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, including the ATAQ-Seq protocol and transcriptional landscape data from 13 cell types from healthy people and 3 cell types from people afflicted by leukemia.	Corces MR, et al. Lineage-specific and single-cell chromatin accessibility charts human hematopoiesis and leukemia evolution. Nature Genetics 48(10):1193-203 (2016).
RNA central	Resource hosted at the European Bioinformatics Institute that draws on a number of other database resources, such as LncBase This resource includes, for example, a database of experimentally supported miRNA:gene interactions and analysis tools and pipelines such as for miRNA pathway analysis snOPY snoRNA orthological gene database with information abut snoRNAs, snoRNA gene loci and target RNAs. TarBase Manually curated experimentally validated miRNA-gene interactions
Tools
miRDeep miRDeep2	Tools for miRNA identification from RNA-seq data	An, J et al miRDeep: an integrated application tool for miRNA identification from RNA sequencing data.Nucleic Acids Res.41(2):727-37 (2013). Friedländer MR et al.* miRDeep2 accurately identifies known and hundreds of novel microRNA genes in seven animal clades. Nucleic Acids Res. 40(1):37-52. (2012)
MiRNA prediction tool	miRNA prediction	Miranda, KC et al. A pattern-based method for the identification of MicroRNA binding sites and their corresponding heteroduplexes Cell126, 1203-1217, (2006).
OASIS	Small non-coding RNA detection and expression analysis tool	Capece, V. et al. Oasis: online analysis of small RNA deep sequencing data. Bioinformatics 31, 2205–2207 (2015).
Datasets
Analysis of 13 cell types; expression of primate and tissue-specific microRNAs	Human miRNAs, their targets, and visualization of the loci on the human genome browser	Londin, E, et al. Analysis of 13 cell types reveals evidence for the expression of numerous novel primate- and tissue-specific microRNAs Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 112(10):E1106-15. (2015).

Sources: H. Chang, Stanford University School of Medicine; Rory Johnson, University of Bern, E. Marshall, BC Cancer Agency; M. Turner, Babraham Institute; U. Ohler, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine; I. Rigoutsos, Philadelphia University Thomas Jefferson University; Nature Research.